For cleaning farm, among several cleaning methods, based on factors including costs, level of available technology, ease of operation and required capacity, the best method can be selected and employed. In this paper after reviewing and evaluating existing barn cleaning systems, a new method that mounted on tractors was Designed. Since physical and mechanical properties of manure affect the performance of the cleaning system, some more important properties (e.g. density, moisture content, friction coefficient of manure with different surfaces) were measured. The Designed interchangeable system mounted on MF285 with cleaning capacity of 14.4 (m3/hr). A hydraulic power train was employed for the Machine. The power requirement of the Machine is 24.1 (kw) which is provided through tractor’s power take off (PTO) shaft. This system can be attached to many existing tractors. The Design of Machine parts was performed based on initial ground speed of one meter per second and gathering width of two meters. With such a Machine, the cleaning operation of a 500 (m2) farm can be manipulated within 40 minutes.

This paper outlines the conceptual and numerical Design process of a comminution equipment centered on particle breakdown through impact. The process is divided into four stages, starting with the generation of device concepts achieved by developing a needs matrix for an optimal Machine. Subsequently, in the second stage, various equipment shape proposals were introduced and tested, with the selection of an optimal proposal determined through performance comparisons. For comparison purposes, simulations utilizing the discrete element method (DEM) were conducted, considering analyses of accumulated power from collisions and particle breakage. Once the optimized prototype was identified, a breakage simulation was conducted to measure the device's reduction ratio. In the third stage, the Machine elements of the device were calculated. Finally, in the fourth stage, a series of simulations utilizing the finite element method (FEM) were carried out to perform structural and modal analyses of the final Design. The evaluated variables identified in the simulations played a crucial role in optimizing the Design, ultimately resulting in a device with a reduction ratio of 1: 19. 8 for limestone.

Decentralized control strategy in a multi-Machine power system reduces the complexity involved in control Design and analysis. Problems arise when the effect of the external system on the local system is no longer negligible. In this paper a well-defined and systematic methodology based on H∞ optimal control theory is presented to deal with this problem, without involving any detailed dynamics of the external system. Simulation results are also presented to evaluate the proposed approach.

After trimming forest trees, the amount of woods remaining are about 7´105m3 in average. By adding the remains of trimmed woods of garden and green spaces of cities, it would amount to a considerable volume. If these remarkable volumes of wood are reused correctly in the wood processing factories, it could provide raw material for 70 wood factories with the capacity of 104m3in a year. For the best utilization of these wood remains, a wood chipper Machine could be used for this purpose. The main objective of this study was to Design and fabricate a wood chipper Machine that can be used for Iranian forests, green spaces and garden conditions. The specification of constructed Machine consisted of disk cutting unit, automatic feeding unit; by shooting discharge system. This Machine is mounted on tractor and P.T.O power requirement (30 hp). The operational testing of the Machine showed that all the parts worked properly. After chopping the Populus alba L and pine tree branch samples, it was found that by increasing the diameter of the branches, the wood chips were smaller. Also size, shape and thickness of the chopped woods were more uniform by increasing the branches' diameter. By comparing the wet and dry branch samples, it was observed that the chopped wood size and dimensions of dry samples were larger and nonuniformed. In general, the moisture, diameter of the branches and tree species directly will affect the size, dimensions, shape and uniformity of chopped woods.

Peeling is an essential step in oat processing. In the operation of peeling oats with peeling Machines, a percentage of oats will break and cause quality waste in the product. In this study for the first time, the skin-separating mechanism was created by the contact of two surfaces of the conveyor belt, where the belt passes by the seeds at a higher speed. The upper and lower belts are flat types with 2 mm space, based on the average value of the width of six varieties of oats. The lower belt has a lower speed than the upper belt, the seeds fall on it and move forward. While the upper belt has a higher speed, it causes the rotational movement of the seed by moving on the seeds, and while the seed is between the two belts, it is under pressure, and due to this pressure and rotational movement, the seed skin is broken and separated. To prevent the lower belt from bending, a tray is installed under the lower belt. The amount of dehulled grain is calculated based on the speed of the lower belt. According to the calculations, having a reliability factor of 2, an electric motor of 4 horsepower at 1500 rpm has been selected. The upper speed of the belt is 31.4 m/min and the outlet opening of the tank is 0.003 m2. The amount of peeled oats is 486 kg per hour. In the evaluation of the peeling Machine, 76% of Euro varieties was obtained.

Equipment availability is necessary in the development of Agriculture mechanization. Crop thinning is one of the most important stages in row crop production which is laborious and costly. The objective of this project is Design and construction of a row crop thinning Machine. Four main system units are plant sensors, ground sensors, control and thinning platforms. In this Machine the unwanted plants on the rows are randomly removed by employing a pneumatically system. A blade on a vertical arm with pendulum motion removes the plant from the rows. The Machine control system consists of an arm and a blade which is activated by a double acting cylinder and equipped with a relay and a timer. The pneumatic cylinder is controlled via a solenoid valve. Laboratory tests were conducted to validate the Machine performance. Some other preliminary tests also were performed for optimization of parameters such as cinematic index and cutting length of blades. The laboratory tests (totally 9 tests) were performed with a constant forward speed and three levels of plant density, using artificial plants. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results show that satisfactory performance of the Machine is achieved when the plant density is moderate i.e. the thinning performance reduces with higher plant distance in the row. The other effective variable on Machine performance is the adjustment of sensor sensitivity, which is used to distinguish between week and strong plants. In general the Machine performance is sensitive to plant shape and morphology, plant distribution pattern in the field, growing stage of the plants, time of thinning and the effectiveness of previous weeding operations.